اسب عرب در ایران

[Katayoun G]

سلام به همگی،

من چند روز پیش باید درباره یک موضوع اختیاری سخنرانی کوتاهی می کردم.
من موضوع "اسب عرب در ایران" رو انتخاب کردم. متنی رو که جمع آوری کردم می زارم. با اینکه خیلی کوتاهه شاید بدرد کسی بخوره.:rolleyessmileyanim:

 

[Farib]

مرسی . خیلی جالبه ولی همش یه طرف دو خط اخر یه طرف.

 

[Katayoun G]

آره بچه ها خیلی تحت تأثیر قرار گرفته بودن.
یکی آخرش گفت: ما فکر می کردیم ایران فقط جنگه و اصلاَ فکر نمی کردیم اینقدر به اسب اهمیت بدن و اصلاَ داشته باشن!!!:wacsmiley:

 

[sohrab]

سلام به همگی،

من چند روز پیش باید درباره یک موضوع اختیاری سخنرانی کوتاهی می کردم.
من موضوع "اسب عرب در ایران" رو انتخاب کردم. متنی رو که جمع آوری کردم می زارم. با اینکه خیلی کوتاهه شاید بدرد کسی بخوره.:rolleyessmileyanim:

کتایون اگه هستی لطفا متن را اینجا کپی کن . الان اکروبات ندارم میخوام بخونمش

 

[Katayoun G]

The Arabian Horse in Iran
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I would like to speak about Arab Horses. Not the Arab Horses known in Europe, who are mainly known as a beauty horse needed for improvement (Veredelung) in other Horse breeds but not very popular with most riders.

Now, I want to tell you something about Persian Arab -Horses, in my homeland well known as Asil -Horses. Because of the political situation the last 35 years, they are more or less free from breeding trends of fashionable beauty. In fact, Iranian Arabs are still bred traditionally, which means suitable for tough conditions. Their character, intelligence and stamina make them ideal horses for all kind of challenges especially races with long distances -over 2000 m – or, of course, endurance rides.

Persia, today Iran , has been known to have possessed (besessen) and used horses since more than two thousand years . This can be seen on stone inscriptions of ancient cities, and from various artifacts unearthed in different parts of the country. One of the oldest of such documents was found in the province of Lorestan, amid (inmitten) the Zagros mountains north of Khuzestan, above what was 5000 years ago the Elamite civilization, later the capital of the Achaemenian Empire conquered (erobert)by Alexander the Great. For many centuries, almost up to the present time, horses where one of the known Iranian exports. Among other breeds like the Turkeman Horse, one of the best known was the “Asil”- or “Arab”, bred mostly by inhabitants of the province of Khuzestan.

There exist various theories as to where the Arab horse originated, but it would not be too far-fetched (weit hergeholt)to add Khuzestan to this list.

When horses of this region exactly became known by the name of Asil -what means pure- is not quite clear. However, by the time of the Prophet Mohammed, over 1400 Years ago, it was already recognized as such. In his decrees, recommendations, and regulations for the propagation of the horse, he refers to it as the Asil, differentiating it from the half bred “hajin” or the horse of no breeding “kadish”.

From then the Moslems followed the regulations of the Prophet diligently (sorgfaeltig/gewissenhaft), and the name “Horse of Islam” would be more appropriate than Asil or Arab. In the many recommendations of the Prophet he always refers to the horse as “farras”, which means mare. The keeping of a pure mare brings bounty, happiness, the pardoning of a number of sins, and is marked as good deeds for the Day of Reckoning. Thus, the status enjoyed by the Asil - horse is one that no other horse has ever had. The Asil became a part of the family. Indeed, in Islamic Law the neglect (Vernachlaessigung) of a mare brings the same punitive (strafenden) measures as the neglect of a wife or child.

The preference of the mare over the stallion is probably based on her economical superiority. The breeding of horses for the purpose of power and war was the goal.

The Asil was divided into strains, much like the people themselves, who were divided into tribes. Five strains were considered superior and were called the “Khamseh”. These consisted of the Koheilan, Hamdan, Saglawi, Obeyan and Hadban. Each strain has sub-strains, the Koheilan more numerous than the others. Just exactly when this strain system started is not defined, and there existed a lot of legends about it. Like this, once the Prophet came back from a long and difficult war, and his thirsty mares galloped to the river, when he called them. The five, coming back, became the Khamseh…...?

The tribes kept mares, not stallions. It was one of the duties of the sheikh (means leader if the tribe) to keep stallions for the use of his tribe. Generally these stallions would be of the strain bred in his tribe. Colts were killed at birth or taken to towns and sold during their first year. To take a mare and breed her to the stallion of a neighboring sheikh would have been considered an insult. For that often inbreeding was practiced. Many mares were owned in partnership and the exchange of partnerships was practiced. But it was frowned upon for self-respecting to sell a mare for money. However, mares were often given as gifts to important people, or as wedding presents, consolation for death, payment in blood feuds and such.

In the year of 1958 was an unprecedented epidemic of African Horse Plague in Iran. The result of the plague was devastating. This coincided with a massive government modernization program, which furthermore indirectly discouraged horse breeding in the rural areas. Ever since, people have become accustomed to the use of mechanized means of transportation.

1975 when Iran became a member of the World Arabian Horse Organization horses were kept by those families or tribes who were well known for certain strains, either for sentimental reasons, or for the fact of “noblesse oblige”. Very few stallions were among this group. As customary, mares were preferred and only bred to replace themselves, seldom with intention to increase. The first stud-book started with about 450 horses.

Today it is mainly thanks to one person that nearly 3000 Asil horses are registered. That in many parts of the country there are regularly races for Arab horses. The sport of endurance riding on a broad basis according to international rules is taking place. There is a good market of the progeny. “Mary Gharagouslou” Spend her whole live tirelessly for the recognition of the Persian Asil by WAHO for the registration and publishing of Stud Books as well as for the reconstruction and improvement of the breeding of Persian Arabs on a broad basis.

What the future of the Persian Arab looks like depends on a big part how the Persian breeders will be influenced by the fashion trend of Show Business as well as how the traditional rules of Asil breeding will be observed.

An old and famous Asil breeder, Sheikh Hajat of Al-e-Kassir, when asked to give his version of the characteristic of a good Asil, answered with a question:

"Which horse would they like to bred, a horse for the wilderness (Wildnis/Wueste)or a horse for festivities?” When told it was the horse of the “wilderness” he continued by saying, “First it must have stamina, intelligence, courage, spirit and above all, it must have nobility and aristocracy (In Persian Language we have one word “Najeeb” for these two words). He continued, “Then you can look at its conformation. If it does not have the above, don’t waste your time, for even if it is made without a single fault, it is a worthless horse.”
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