Russian Don

♘امیرحسین♞

♘ مدیریت انجمن اسب ایران ♞
The Russian Don Horse serves superbly both in harness and under saddle. This breed was the mount of the famed and feared Cossack Cavalry. It was the Cossack's skill at breeding that made the Don such a rugged horse. The breed originated in the area near the Don and Volga Rivers in the southern Soviet Union. Originally, this was a small horse, but during the 1800's large numbers of the Persian Arabs and Karabakh breeds were bred to the Don. The result was a larger, more refined horse, which combined the durability of the older type and the more pleasing conformation of the imported stock. Traditionally, the Don has roamed in herds, enduring harsh winters with little food and only the heartiest have survived.

Physical Description
The Don Horse has a refined head with a straight or sometimes hooked nose, large nostrils, and expressive eyes. The neck is lean and often straight. The withers are not prominent; the shoulders are quite straight, giving the Don a rather short stride. Its chest is substantial and muscular. The back is long and the legs are clean. The Don stands between 15.1 and 16 hands and appears in varying solid colors such as chestnut, bay, and gray. The breed is noted for an even temperament and great powers of endurance.

Origin
The Don Horse, a native of the Soviet Union, gained its name from the region near the Don River where it has been bred since the 1700's. In the past two centuries, the original breed received blood from numberous other breeds including the Persian Arab, Karabakh, Orlov Trotter, and Thoroughbred.

Notes of Interest
The Don Horse's greatest characteristic is its incredible stamina. The Cossack Cavalry, which contributed to Napoleon's defeat in Russia, pursued the French all the way to Paris mounted on Don Horses. Few breeds could have withstood such a punishing task.

In 1951, a stallion named Zenith coverd 311.6 kilometers in 24 hours (including only 4 hours of rest).

In recent years, the Don has gained widespread respect as a saddle horse. It is still used in harness however, often in the traditional "Tachanka", a hitch in which four horses are harnessed side - by - side.​
 

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    Russian-Don-1.jpg
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    Russian-Don-2.jpg
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  • Don.jpg
    Don.jpg
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  • russian don.jpg
    russian don.jpg
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The Russian Don is a breed of horse named after the steppes region of Russia where the Don River flows.

Breed characteristics
The horses have an Eastern-type, medium-sized head with wide forehead, and a broad, straight back and loins. The horses have muscular forearms and gaskins, but also have a tendency to have calf knees, sickle hocks, and upright pasterns. The shoulders are usually quite upright, leading to choppy strides. The Don's quarters can be weak, with a rather straight croup.

The Don is usually chestnut or brown with a golden metallic sheen reminiscent of their Akhal-Teke ancestry. They stand 15.3-16.2 hh.

The horses evolved in harsh conditions with severe weather, so the Don is naturally extremely hardy and tough. They have a quiet, yet energetic, temperament.

Breed history
The Don probably originated in the 18th and 19th centuries from crosses between the Mongolian horses and the Turkoman Horse, Karabakh, Akhal-Teke and Orlov Trotter stallions. The breed is well-known for their hardiness from the military campaigns of 1812-1814, when the Cossacks drove Napoleon's troops from Russia. The Don survived the extreme cold and harsh winters.

Selective breeding for the Don began in the 1830s. They were primarily bred for cavalry mounts and for use in harness. Thoroughbred and Arabian blood was added in the 20th century, but since then the breed has remained relatively untouched. Breeders are currently trying to get rid of the major conformational faults common in the Don, including sickle hocks and calf knees.

The Don is introduced to other Russian breeds, the most notable being the Budyonny. The horses are used for riding and light draft work. It is also used for endurance riding​
 
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